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Crystal structure of -aconitate decarboxylase reveals the impact of naturally occurring human mutations on itaconate synthesis.

Chen, Fangfang
; 
Lukat, Peer
; 
Iqbal, Azeem Ahmed
; 
Saile, Kyrill
; 
Kaever, Volkhard
; 
van den Heuvel, Joop
; ; 
Büssow, Konrad
; 
Pessler, Frank
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2019-09-23
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Abstract
cis-Aconitate decarboxylase (CAD, also known as ACOD1 or Irg1) converts cis-aconitate to itaconate and plays central roles in linking innate immunity with metabolism and in the biotechnological production of itaconic acid by Aspergillus terreus We have elucidated the crystal structures of human and murine CADs and compared their enzymological properties to CAD from A. terreus Recombinant CAD is fully active in vitro without a cofactor. Murine CAD has the highest catalytic activity, whereas Aspergillus CAD is best adapted to a more acidic pH. CAD is not homologous to any known decarboxylase and appears to have evolved from prokaryotic enzymes that bind negatively charged substrates. CADs are homodimers, the active center is located in the interface between 2 distinct subdomains, and structural modeling revealed conservation in zebrafish and Aspergillus We identified 8 active-site residues critical for CAD function and rare naturally occurring human mutations in the active site that abolished CAD activity, as well as a variant (Asn152Ser) that increased CAD activity and is common (allele frequency 20%) in African ethnicity. These results open the way for 1) assessing the potential impact of human CAD variants on disease risk at the population level, 2) developing therapeutic interventions to modify CAD activity, and 3) improving CAD efficiency for biotechnological production of itaconic acid.
Citation
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Sep 23. pii: 1908770116. doi:10.1073/pnas.1908770116.
Affiliation
HZI,Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7,38124 Braunschweig, Germany; TWINCORE, Zentrum für experimentelle und klinische Infektionsforschung GmbH,Feodor-Lynen Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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National Academy of Sciences
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10033/621964
DOI
10.1073/pnas.1908770116
PubMed ID
31548418
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en
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1091-6490
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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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publications of the research group biomarker in infection and immunity [[TC] BIOM)
publications of the research group recombinant protein expression (RPEX)
Publications of the research group structure and functions of Proteins(SFPR)