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Different rates of pollen and seed gene flow cause branch-length and geographic cytonuclear discordance within Asian butternuts.

Xu, Lin-Lin
; 
Yu, Rui-Min
; 
Lin, Xin-Rui
; 
Zhang, Bo-Wen
; 
Li, Nan
; 
Lin, Kui
; 
Zhang, Da-Yong
; 
Bai, Wei-Ning
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2021-07-13
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Abstract
opological cytonuclear discordance is commonly observed in plant phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies, yet few studies have attempted to detect two other forms of cytonuclear discordance (branch length and geographical) and to uncover the causes of the discordance. We used the whole nuclear and chloroplast genome data from 80 individual Asian butternuts to reveal the pattern and processes of cytonuclear discordance. Our findings indicate that the chloroplast genome had substantially deeper divergence (branch-length discordance) and a steeper cline in the contact zone (geographic discordance) compared with the nuclear genome. After various hypothesis have been tested, the results suggest that incomplete lineage sorting, positive selection and cytonuclear incompatibility are probably insufficient to explain this pattern. However, isolation-by-distance analysis and gene flow estimation point to a much higher level of gene flow by pollen compared with by seeds, which may have slowed down lineage divergence and mediated wider contact for nuclear genome compared with the chloroplast genome. Altogether, this study highlights a critical role of sex-biased dispersal in causing discordance between the nuclear and plastid genome of Asian butternuts. Given its ubiquity among plants, asymmetric gene flow should be given a high priority in future studies of cytonuclear discordance.
Citation
New Phytol. 2021 Oct;232(1):388-403. doi: 10.1111/nph.17564. Epub 2021 Jul 13.
Affiliation
CiiM, Zentrum für individualisierte Infektionsmedizin, Feodor-Lynen-Str.7, 30625 Hannover.
Publisher
Wiley
Journal
The New phytologist
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10033/623069
DOI
10.1111/nph.17564
PubMed ID
34143496
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Article
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en
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1469-8137
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Attribution 4.0 International
cb
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publications of the working group of computational biology for individualized medicine ([CiiM] BIIM)