Host strategies against virus entry via the olfactory system.

Kalinke, Ulrich; Bechmann, Ingo; Detje, Claudia N

dc.contributor.author	Kalinke, Ulrich
dc.contributor.author	Bechmann, Ingo
dc.contributor.author	Detje, Claudia N
dc.date.accessioned	2015-01-29T12:57:45Z	en
dc.date.available	2015-01-29T12:57:45Z	en
dc.date.issued	2015-01-29	en
dc.identifier.citation	Host strategies against virus entry via the olfactory system., 2 (4):367-70 Virulence	en
dc.identifier.issn	2150-5608	en
dc.identifier.pmid	21758005	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10033/339038	en
dc.description.abstract	In mammals, odorants are inhaled through the nose and inside the nasal cavity they trigger olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) that are located within the olfactory epithelium. OSN project their axons into glomerular structures of the olfactory bulb. There they synapse with dendrites of second-order neurons that project their axons to the olfactory cortex. Thus, olfaction is based on direct interaction of environmental matters with OSN. This poses the question of how neurotropic viruses are prevented from infecting OSN and entering the central nervous system. Recent evidence indicates that upon instillation of neurotropic virus OSN are readily infected. By axonal transport virus reaches the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb where it is efficiently curbed by a type I IFN dependent mechanism. In this review local mechanisms limiting virus entry via the olfactory system and virus spread within the CNS are recapitulated in the context of anatomical properties of the olfactory system.
dc.language.iso	en	en
dc.subject.mesh	Animals	en
dc.subject.mesh	Central Nervous System	en
dc.subject.mesh	Host-Pathogen Interactions	en
dc.subject.mesh	Humans	en
dc.subject.mesh	Interferon Type I	en
dc.subject.mesh	Olfactory Bulb	en
dc.subject.mesh	Olfactory Nerve Diseases	en
dc.subject.mesh	Sensory Receptor Cells	en
dc.subject.mesh	Virus Internalization	en
dc.subject.mesh	Virus Physiological Phenomena	en
dc.title	Host strategies against virus entry via the olfactory system.	en
dc.type	Article	en
dc.identifier.journal	Virulence	en
refterms.dateFOA	2018-06-13T01:09:13Z
html.description.abstract	In mammals, odorants are inhaled through the nose and inside the nasal cavity they trigger olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) that are located within the olfactory epithelium. OSN project their axons into glomerular structures of the olfactory bulb. There they synapse with dendrites of second-order neurons that project their axons to the olfactory cortex. Thus, olfaction is based on direct interaction of environmental matters with OSN. This poses the question of how neurotropic viruses are prevented from infecting OSN and entering the central nervous system. Recent evidence indicates that upon instillation of neurotropic virus OSN are readily infected. By axonal transport virus reaches the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb where it is efficiently curbed by a type I IFN dependent mechanism. In this review local mechanisms limiting virus entry via the olfactory system and virus spread within the CNS are recapitulated in the context of anatomical properties of the olfactory system.