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    Complete genome sequence of DSM 30083T, the type strain (U5/41T) of Escherichia coli, and a proposal for delineating subspecies in microbial taxonomy

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    Authors
    Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P
    Hahnke, Richard L
    Petersen, Jörn
    Scheuner, Carmen
    Michael, Victoria
    Fiebig, Anne
    Rohde, Christine
    Rohde, Manfred
    Fartmann, Berthold
    Goodwin, Lynne A
    Chertkov, Olga
    Reddy, TBK
    Pati, Amrita
    Ivanova, Natalia N
    Markowitz, Victor
    Kyrpides, Nikos C
    Woyke, Tanja
    Göker, Markus
    Klenk, Hans-Peter
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    Issue Date
    2014-12-08
    
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    Abstract
    Abstract Although Escherichia coli is the most widely studied bacterial model organism and often considered to be the model bacterium per se, its type strain was until now forgotten from microbial genomics. As a part of the G enomic E ncyclopedia of B acteria and A rchaea project, we here describe the features of E. coli DSM 30083T together with its genome sequence and annotation as well as novel aspects of its phenotype. The 5,038,133 bp containing genome sequence includes 4,762 protein-coding genes and 175 RNA genes as well as a single plasmid. Affiliation of a set of 250 genome-sequenced E. coli strains, Shigella and outgroup strains to the type strain of E. coli was investigated using digital DNA:DNA-hybridization (dDDH) similarities and differences in genomic G+C content. As in the majority of previous studies, results show Shigella spp. embedded within E. coli and in most cases forming a single subgroup of it. Phylogenomic trees also recover the proposed E. coli phylotypes as monophyla with minor exceptions and place DSM 30083T in phylotype B2 with E. coli S88 as its closest neighbor. The widely used lab strain K-12 is not only genomically but also physiologically strongly different from the type strain. The phylotypes do not express a uniform level of character divergence as measured using dDDH, however, thus an alternative arrangement is proposed and discussed in the context of bacterial subspecies. Analyses of the genome sequences of a large number of E. coli strains and of strains from > 100 other bacterial genera indicate a value of 79-80% dDDH as the most promising threshold for delineating subspecies, which in turn suggests the presence of five subspecies within E. coli.
    Citation
    Standards in Genomic Sciences. 2014 Dec 08;9(1):2
    Affiliation
    Helmholtz Centre for infection research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
    URI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1944-3277-9-2
    http://hdl.handle.net/10033/620902
    Type
    Article
    Collections
    publications of the department Central Unit of Microscopy [ZEIM]

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