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dc.contributor.authorWoith, Eric
dc.contributor.authorFuhrmann, Gregor
dc.contributor.authorMelzig, Matthias F
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-05T09:06:17Z
dc.date.available2019-12-05T09:06:17Z
dc.date.issued2019-11-14
dc.identifier.citationInt J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov 14;20(22). pii: ijms20225695. doi: 10.3390/ijms20225695.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1422-0067
dc.identifier.pmid31739393
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijms20225695
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10033/622039
dc.description.abstractIt is known that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from cells of almost every type of cell or organism, showing their ubiquity in all empires of life. EVs are defined as naturally released particles from cells, delimited by a lipid bilayer, and cannot replicate. These nano- to micrometer scaled spheres shuttle a set of bioactive molecules. EVs are of great interest as vehicles for drug targeting and in fundamental biological research, but in vitro culture of animal cells usually achieves only small yields. The exploration of other biological kingdoms promises comprehensive knowledge on EVs broadening the opportunities for basic understanding and therapeutic use. Thus, plants might be sustainable biofactories producing nontoxic and highly specific nanovectors, whereas bacterial and fungal EVs are promising vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases. Importantly, EVs from different eukaryotic and prokaryotic kingdoms are involved in many processes including host-pathogen interactions, spreading of resistances, and plant diseases. More extensive knowledge of inter-species and interkingdom regulation could provide advantages for preventing and treating pests and pathogens. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of EVs derived from eukaryota and prokaryota and we discuss how better understanding of their intercommunication role provides opportunities for both fundamental and applied biology.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/*
dc.subjectarchaeaen_US
dc.subjectcross-kingdom RNAien_US
dc.subjecteukaryotaen_US
dc.subjectextracellular vesiclesen_US
dc.subjectinterkingdom communicationen_US
dc.subjectprokaryotaen_US
dc.titleExtracellular Vesicles-Connecting Kingdoms.en_US
dc.typeReviewEN
dc.contributor.departmentHIPS, Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Universitätscampus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.en_US
dc.identifier.journalInternational Journal of Molecular Sciencesen_US
refterms.dateFOA2019-12-05T09:06:18Z
dc.source.journaltitleInternational journal of molecular sciences


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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International